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late modernity
Late modernity (or ''liquid modernity'') is the characterisation of today’s highly developed global societies as the continuation (or development) of modernity rather than as an element of the succeeding era known as postmodernity, or the postmodern.
Introduced as ‘liquid’ modernity by the Polish-British sociologist Zygmunt Bauman, late modernity is marked by the global capitalist economies with their increasing privatisation of services and by the information revolution.〔Anita Harris, ''Future Girl'' (2004) p. 3〕
==Late modernity vs. postmodernity==
Social theorists and sociologists such as Scott Lash, Ulrich Beck, Zygmunt Bauman and Anthony Giddens maintain (against postmodernists) that modernization continues into the contemporary era, which is thus better conceived as a radical state of late modernity.〔Marc Cools et al., ''Safety, Societal Problems and Citizens' Perceptions'' (2010) p. 88〕 On technological and social changes since the 1960s, the concept of "late modernity" proposes that contemporary societies are a clear continuation of modern institutional transitions and cultural developments. Such authors talk about a reflexive modernization process: in Giddens' words, "social practices are constantly examined and reformed in the light of incoming information about those very practices, thus constitutively altering their character".〔(Giddens, in "Classical modernity and late modernity" ) (1990) p. 38〕 Modernity now tends to be self-referring, instead of being defined largely in opposition to traditionalism, as with classical modernity.
Anthony Giddens does not dispute that important changes have occurred since "high" modernity, but he argues that we have not truly abandoned modernity. Rather, the modernity of contemporary society is a developed, radicalized, 'late' modernity — but still modernity, not postmodernity. In such a perspective, postmodernism appears only as a hyper-technological version of modernity.'〔R. Appignanesi et al., ''Postmodernism for Beginners'' (Cambridge 1995) p. 126 and p. 172〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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